MassIVE MSV000097952

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Occurrence and fate of per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in residential wastewater treated with nitrogen-removing biofilters

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Description

Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) are designed for the removal of pathogens and nutrients from septic effluent. However, many other contaminants are widespread in wastewater, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and other trace organic chemicals. We analyzed per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in residential septic effluent and investigated their fate in nitrogen-removing biofilters (NRBs), an innovative and alternative type of OWTS. We measured concentrations of 23 targeted PFASs in septic effluent pre- and post-NRB treatment in nine residential OWTSs. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates were generally enriched in NRB effluent versus influent while perfluoroalkyl sulfonates appeared to be partially removed during NRB treatment. Grab sampling results were highly variable but passive sampling (microporous polyethylene tubing containing WAX sorbent) consistently showed greater PFAS levels post-NRB treatment. High-resolution mass spectrometry screening of composited grab samples using two different workflows (suspect screening and untargeted analysis with ion mobility spectrometry) resulted in tentative identifications of 40 additional PFASs not included on the target list. The average mass defect of features identified as potential PFASs was significantly lower (p = 0.014) in post-NRB samples. This, along with increasing concentrations of PFCAs in effluent, suggest transformation of polyfluorinated precursors to more highly fluorinated end products in the NRB. [doi:10.25345/C5TB0Z73K] [dataset license: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0)]

Keywords: PFAS, nontarget analysis, wastewater ; DatasetType:Other (PFAS)

Contact

Principal Investigators:
(in alphabetical order) 		Carrie McDonough, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
Submitting User: rsmolins

Publications

Smolinski R, Oates M, Venkatesan AK, Gobler CJ, McDonough CA.
Emerging investigator series: identification and transformation of per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in residential wastewater and effluent from alternative treatment systems.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. Epub 2025 Jun 16.

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