MassIVE MSV000094506

Partial Public

Targeting the autophagy-NAD axis protects against cell death in Niemann-Pick type C1 disease models

Description

Impairment of autophagy leads to an accumulation of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles and has been implicated in plethora of human diseases. Loss of autophagy in actively respiring cells has also been shown to trigger metabolic collapse mediated by the depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) pools, resulting in cell death. Here we found that the deficit in the autophagy-NAD axis underpins the loss of viability in cell models of a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder, Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease. Defective autophagic flux in NPC1 cells resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction due to impairment of mitophagy, leading to the depletion of both the reduced and oxidised forms of NAD as identified via metabolic profiling. Consequently, exhaustion of the NAD pools triggered mitochondrial depolarisation and apoptotic cell death. Our chemical screening identified two FDA-approved drugs, celecoxib and memantine, as autophagy activators which effectively restored autophagic flux, NAD levels, and cell viability of NPC1 cells. Of biomedical relevance, either pharmacological rescue of the autophagy deficiency or NAD precursor supplementation restored NAD levels and improved the viability of NPC1 disease patient-derived primary fibroblasts and cortical neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Together, our findings identify the autophagy-NAD axis as a mechanism of cell death and a target for therapeutic interventions in NPC1 disease, with a potential relevance to other neurodegenerative disorders. [doi:10.25345/C51G0J57W] [dataset license: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0)]

Keywords: Autophagy, fibroblasts, lysosomal storage disorders, NAD, neurodegeneration, NPC1

Contact

Principal Investigators:
(in alphabetical order)
Viktor I. Korolchuk, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Universit, United Kingdom
Submitting User: alejandro_metabo10
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