Plant-based adhesives, such as the ones made from wheat, have been prominently used for books and paper-based objects and are also used as conservation adhesives. Starch paste originates from starch granules, whereas flour paste encompasses the entire wheat endosperm proteome, offering strong adhesive properties due to gluten proteins. From the conservation perspective, understanding the precise nature of the adhesive is vital, as the longevity, resilience, and reaction to environmental changes can differ substantially between starch and flour-based pastes. We devised a proteomics method to discern the protein content of these pastes. Protocols involved extracting soluble proteins using 0.5 M NaCl and 30 mM Tris-HCl solutions, then targeting insoluble proteins, such as gliadins and glutenins, with a buffer containing 7M urea, 2M thiourea, 4% CHAPS, 40 mM Tris, and 75 mM DTT. Flour paste's proteome is diverse (1942 proteins across 759 groups), contrasting with starch paste's predominant starch-associated protein makeup (218 proteins in 58 groups). Transformation into pastes reduces proteomes' complexity. Testing on historical bookbindings confirmed the use of flour-based glue, rich in gluten and serpins. High levels of deamidation were detected, particularly for glutamine residues, which can impact the solubility and stability of the glue over time.
[doi:10.25345/C5J679702]
[dataset license: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0)]
Keywords: wheat ; starch ; flour ; collagen ; leather
Principal Investigators: (in alphabetical order) |
Caroline Solazzo, Smithsonian Institution, United States |
Submitting User: | solazzoc |
Rocio Prisby, Alessandra Luchini, Lance A. Liotta, Caroline Solazzo.
Wheat-based glues in conservation and cultural heritage: (dis)solving the proteome of flour and starch pastes and their adhering properties.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00804.
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